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- MAP15: FTPMAIL
- --------------
-
- "The whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of
- everyday thinking." -- Albert Einstein, Out of My Later Years
-
-
- Before we get to ftpmail, there are a few other things that I
- want to discuss.
-
- Yesterday I showed you how to retrieve a text file using FTP.
- But how can a text file written on an IBM be read on an Apple
- Macintosh or on a Unix workstation? Its easy -- thanks to something
- called ASCII.
-
- ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange,
- and it is the standard format for transmitting textual data.
- *Any* computer can read an ASCII text file. Without going too
- in-depth into how ASCII works, let's just say that ASCII ensures
- that the text in an ASCII text file will appear the same on any
- computer regardless of the computer's brand name or operating
- system.
-
- ASCII is fine and dandy for saving and transferring text files,
- but it won't work with non-text, data files -- like computer
- programs. Data files must be saved in "Binary" (which is just
- a bunch of zeros and ones).
-
- Binary files are files that can only run on certain machines
- or programs. Good examples of Binary files include shareware
- software, Microsoft Word files, Microsoft Powerpoint presentations,
- satellite weather images, and sound files.
-
- Remember, ASCII files are just 'plain' text files that can be
- read on any computer, and Binary files are files that can only
- be run on certain computers or programs.
-
-
- Unfortunately, there is no universal default transfer mode
- for FTP clients. Some clients use ASCII as the default, and
- others use binary. This means that unless you tell your FTP
- client to do otherwise, all of your files will be transferred
- in the default transfer mode.
-
- If your client's default transfer mode is ASCII and you try to
- retrieve a Binary file without first resetting the transfer mode,
- your Binary file will be transferred in ASCII and the file *WILL
- NOT WORK* once you get it.
-
- Fortunately, changing the transfer mode in FTP is easy. All that
- most of you have to do to change the FTP transfer mode from ASCII
- to Binary is type
-
- binary
-
- right before you get the file, and the file will be transferred to
- you in Binary format.
-
- To change back to ASCII transfer mode, just type
-
- ascii
-
- and FTP will reset its transfer mode to ASCII.
-
- If you ever forget what transfer mode you are currently using --
- something that I do *ALL* of the time -- all you need to do is
- type
-
- status
-
- and your computer will display a whole bunch of information,
- including your transfer mode :)
-
- BTW, how can you tell if a file is an ASCII file or a Binary
- file? Well, take a look at the extensions (remember, an extension
- is the stuff at the end of the file name -- the extension for
- CRISPEN.DOC is .DOC; the extension for SQUIRREL.TXT is .TXT).
- If the file's extension is .doc or .txt, or if the file does
- not have an extension, it is a good bet that the file is an
- ASCII text file. If the file has a weird extension -- like .gif
- or .zip -- it is a good bet that the file is a Binary file.
- There are, of course, always exceptions to this rule.
-
- The "duck theory" also works pretty well in determining if a
- file is an ASCII or Binary file. The duck theory says that if
- it looks like a duck, waddles like a duck, swims like a duck,
- quacks like a duck, and is seen hanging around with other
- ducks ... it is probably a duck.
-
- Using the duck theory to determine if a file is an ASCII or
- Binary file, you can safely assume that if you have a file that
- looks like a ASCII text file and is seen in the same directory
- as other ASCII text files, you can safely assume that the file
- that you are looking at is, in reality, a DUCK :)
-
- (First squirrels ... now ducks ... this workshop is getting to me)
-
-
- MULTIPLE FILE TRANSFERS:
-
-
- How can you transfer multiple files at the same time? Simple! Use
- the "mget" (multiple get) command!
-
- Let's say that I want to get every file in a particular directory
- with the word "duck" in it. I would type
-
- mget duck*
-
- The * (a.k.a. "splat") is a "wild card" that tells the client to
- get every file that begins with the word "duck" and that has
- any additional characters after the word "duck".
-
- The best way to explain wildcards is to give you an example. Let's
- pretend that I have a directory with the following files in it:
-
- duckreport.doc ducket.exe
- duck1.txt duck2.txt
- ducksoup duck.gif
-
- Where I place the wildcard in my mget command will determine
- what files I get:
-
- mget command: files it would retrieve:
-
- mget duck* duckreport.doc; ducket.exe; duck1.txt;
- duck2.txt; ducksoup; duck.gif
- mget duck*.txt duck1.txt; duck2.txt
- mget duck.* duck.gif
-
- Before you continue on, take a minute and try to figure out why
- each of the mget commands retrieved different files. If you can
- figure it out -- and believe me folks, this is EASY -- you will
- be a master of the mget command :)
-
-
- FTPMAIL:
-
-
- If your local Internet service provider does not have an FTP
- client, you can still get FTP files by using a tool called
- ftpmail!
-
- The steps in a basic ftpmail session are pretty easy:
-
- 1. Write an e-mail letter to an ftpmail site near
- you, and put the necessary ftpmail commands
- in the BODY of your letter.
- 2. The ftpmail site will write you back and tell you that
- it has received your request, and will tell you the
- number of requests ahead of yours (I still think that
- the number that they give you is just a random, large
- number (but I am probably mistaken)).
- 3. A day or two later -- yes, I said "day" -- the ftpmail
- system will e-mail you the file that you requested.
- The ftpmail system will also send you a copy of the
- "transaction" as it occurred between ftpmail and the
- remote FTP site (this transaction will look a lot
- like the examples in yesterday's lesson).
-
- Today, I am going to show you how to get ASCII text files using
- ftpmail. We'll talk about Binary files tomorrow.
-
- The first step is finding an ftpmail site near you. ftpmail
- was developed at the Digital Western Research Laboratory, and
- their ftpmail address -- ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com -- is the most
- widely known (and widely used) ftpmail address in the world.
- Unfortunately, because of the traffic that this site sees, the
- decwrl address is also sometimes the slowest ftpmail site in
- the world :( <--- a frowning smiley
-
- There are other ftpmail servers around the world that may be
- closer to you, and that may actually be faster that the decwrl
- address:
-
- Australia ftpmail@cs.uow.edu.au
- France ftpmail@grasp.insa-lyon.fr
- Germany ftpmail@ftp.uni-stuttgart.de
- Great Britain ftpmail@doc.ic.ac.uk
- Ireland ftpmail@ieunet.ie
- Sweden ftpmail@lth.se
- USA ftpmail@sunsite.unc.edu
- USA ftpmail@ftp.uu.net
- USA ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
-
- Once you have found a site closest to you, you are ready to start
- sending commands to the ftpmail address! The commands, just like
- all of the LISTSERV commands that I drilled into your head earlier
- in the workshop, need to be in the BODY of your e-mail letter.
-
- The body of you letter to the ftpmail site will actually have SEVERAL
- commands in it. The basic FTPmail commands are, in order:
-
- reply <your Internet address>
- This tells ftpmail where to send the file(s) to.
-
- connect <ftp site address>
- This tells ftpmail the site that you want it to
- connect to.
-
- <transfer mode>
- This tells ftpmail if you want the files in ASCII or
- binary
-
- chdir <directory>
- This tells ftpmail in which directory the file that we want
- is located.
-
- get <filename>
- This tells ftpmail to get a specific file.
-
- quit
- Ends the ftpmail session
-
- Yesterday, we ftp'd to ftp.sura.net, got into the /pub/articles
- directory, and got the file fall91.issue
-
- To do this using ftpmail, I need to send an e-mail a letter to
- ftpmail@sunsite.unc.edu (or to any other ftpmail site), and the
- body of my letter would look like this:
-
- reply pcrispe1@ua1vm.ua.edu
- connect ftp.sura.net
- ascii
- chdir /pub/articles
- get fall91.issue
- quit
-
- NOTE: IF YOU SEND THIS TO AN FTPMAIL SITE WITHOUT CHANGING THE
- REPLY-TO ADDRESS, THE FTPMAIL SITE WILL SEND THE FILE TO *ME*,
- NOT TO YOU. PLEASE CHANGE THE REPLY TO ADDRESS :)
-
- A day or two after I send this letter to the ftpmail address,
- I should see the file sitting in my e-mail box. Notice that I
- said "should." The traffic at the various ftpmail sites is
- often incredible, and sometimes requests get lost. If this
- happens to you, you should just send your request again :)
-
- By the way, the "dir" command works just as well in ftpmail as
- it does in regular FTP! All you have to do is add the command
- "dir" after the "chdir" command:
-
- reply pcrispe1@ua1vm.ua.edu
- connect ftp.sura.net
- ascii
- chdir /pub/articles
- dir
- quit
-
-
- TOMORROW: - FTP File Compression/Decompression
- - Binary files via ftpmail
- - A few more ftpmail commands (ie. chunksize).
-
- HOMEWORK:
-
- 1. If you do not have FTP access through your local
- Internet service provider,
-
- a. find the address of the nearest ftpmail site
- from the list above
- b. send a letter to that ftpmail site with the word
- HELP in the body of your letter
- c. ask your local Internet service provider if
- they have any size limits on messages to and
- from the Internet.
-
- 2. If you *do* have FTP access through your local Internet
- service provider, make sure that you
-
- a. know how to access your FTP client
- b. know the commands that your client allows
- c. review MAP13 and MAP14
-
-
- PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS LETTER DO NOT
- PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE
- THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA - TUSCALOOSA
-
- ROADMAP: COPYRIGHT PATRICK CRISPEN 1994. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
-
-
-
-